Linux8安装Superset 4.0.2过程
官方教程：PyPI | Superset (apache.org)
查看Superset版本对应的python版本：apache-superset · PyPI，可见Superset最新版本为：4.0.2，对应支持python版本为：3.9 3.10 3.11
本次安装采用源码编译的python 3.11.0，编译前需提前安装以下包：
yum install sqlite-devel
yum install bzip2-devel
然后再重新编译python源码，即可解决安装Superset时遇到的两个问题：
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_sqlite3'
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_bz2'
以下是编译python源码的步骤：
wget -c https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.11.0/Python-3.11.0.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.11.0.tgz
cd Python-3.11.0/
./configure --prefix=/usr/python3.11.0
make
make install
编译成功后，需要把原有系统的python更换成最新安装的版本
rm -rf /usr/bin/python
rm -rf /usr/bin/python3
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pip
rm -rf /usr/local/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/python3.11.0/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python
ln -s /usr/python3.11.0/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
python -V
ln -s /usr/python3.11.0/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/python3.11.0/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip
pip -V
至此python 3.11.0环境已经安装完毕，开始进入安装Superset的踩坑过程。以下是安装Superset的目标：
1）metadata需要安装在mysql上
2）官方examples需要安装在mysql上，并且需安装所有的examples
3）必须是Superset 4.0.2版本
以下是安装MySQL8，并创建superset metadata数据库及example数据库的步骤
从MYSQL官网下载免费的yum包：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/
wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql84-community-release-el8-1.noarch.rpm
yum install mysql-community-server
systemctl start mysqld
查看默认密码： grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
mysql -u root -p
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
SET GLOBAL validate_password.length = 6;
SET GLOBAL validate_password.policy = 'LOW';
alter user 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
CREATE DATABASE superset4 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
CREATE DATABASE main DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
1：Installing and Initializing Superset
pip install apache-superset==4.0.2 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
很顺利的安装完成，此时需要安装pymysql，并修改配置文件把superset database修改为mysql
pip install pymysql
vi /usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/config.py
修改此处内容：SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root@localhost/superset4'
注意请提前安装mysql数据库及创建database：superset4，然后开始执行初始化
superset db upgrade
如果此时重复出现上述 '_sqlite3' 及 '_bz2' ，可以手工的拷贝文件到python lib目录
cp /root/Python-3.11.0/build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.11/_bz2.cpython-311-x86_64-linux-gnu.so /usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/lib-dynload/
再次执行初始化，又出现了新的问题：
A Default SECRET_KEY was detected, please use superset_config.py to override it.
Use a strong complex alphanumeric string and use a tool to help you generate
a sufficiently random sequence, ex: openssl rand -base64 42
按照提示执行：openssl rand -base64 42 并把内容复制到一个新建的配置文件中：
vi /usr/python3.11.0/bin/superset_config.py
SECRET_KEY = 'n36bYFh40TLkH0PpYdq/CebkTxX1GxbEogdIbCQZ3IvScW96TK1+MYrN'
再次执行：superset db upgrade 成功了
2：Create an admin user in your metadata database
export FLASK_APP=superset
superset fab create-admin
3：导入官方examples
由于官方的案例数据是存放在GitHub上的，网络连接不稳定，经常性报错。所以必须去GitHub网站手动下载所有文件到本地：apache-superset/examples-data (github.com)
/root/examples-data-master
进入目录后，启动python自带的http服务，即可通过浏览器浏览案例文件：http://192.168.142.129:9999/
python3 -m http.server 9999
修改配置文件：/usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/examples/helpers.py
BASE_URL = "http://192.168.142.129:9999/"
同时修改此目录的所有yaml文件内容，把data网址https://raw.githubusercontent.com/改成前面的本地地址，如
/usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/examples/configs/datasets/examples
vi users_channels.csv
data: http://192.168.142.129:9999/datasets/examples/slack/users_channels.csv
创建mysql数据库名为：main，不知道为何必须是这个名字，否则会报以下错误：
(pymysql.err.OperationalError) (1049, "Unknown database 'main'")
再次修改配置文件，修改examples的数据库为mysql数据库
vi /usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/config.py
SQLALCHEMY_EXAMPLES_URI = 'mysql+pymysql://root@localhost/main'
如果采用mysql数据库的话，superset连接mysql时会出现以下错误
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'MySQLdb'
需要安装pip install pymysql,并且修改文件
vi /usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/db_engine_specs/mysql.py
在import MySQLdb前添加
import pymysql
pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
终于可以执行导入官方案例数据了，数据量比较多，需要耐心等待执行完成
superset load_examples
superset init
UserWarning: Using the in-memory storage for tracking rate limits as no storage was explicitly specified.
yum install redis
systemctl enable redis
systemctl start redis
vi /usr/python3.11.0/lib/python3.11/site-packages/superset/config.py
RATELIMIT_STORAGE_URI = "redis://localhost:6379"
4：To start a development web server on port 8088, use -p to bind to another port
superset run -h 0.0.0.0 -p 8088 --with-threads --reload --debugger
以下是官方的Dashboards:
